Název:	Noosfera i tekhnosfera kak aktivnyye faktory istoricheskikh protsessov
Autoři:	Griffen, L.A. Ryzheva, N.A.
Citace zdrojového dokumentu:	West Bohemian Historical Review. 2022, no. 2, p. 275-294.
Datum vydání:	2022
Nakladatel:	Západočeská univerzita v Plzni
Typ dokumentu:	článek article
URI:	http://wbhr.cz/images/issues/WBHR_2022_2.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11025/50816
ISSN:	1804-5480
Klíčová slova:	hnací síly historických procesů;produktivní síly společnosti;biosféra;noosféra;technosféra;společnost jako superorganismus;celé prostředí
Klíčová slova v dalším jazyce:	driving forces behind historical processes;productive forces of society;biosphere;noosphere;technosphere;society as a superorganism;entire environment
Abstrakt v dalším jazyce:	The study of both general history and specific historical processes requires an under- standing of their driving factors. Therefore, historians have always paid considerable attention to this issue. In practice, it is generally accepted that production activity, which is based on the productive forces of society, is the driving force behind historical processes. Recently, in this regard, great importance is attached to social phenomena called the noosphere and technosphere. This article is devoted to the definition of the essence of these social formations that are part of the productive forces of society, and their relationship to the “envelops” of the planet Earth, primarily to the biosphere. The idea of the existence of some of the surrounding “envelops” of our planet, in which all the processes occurring on its surface are carried out, have taken a strong position in science for quite a long time. The concept of “noosphere” arose at the end of the first third of the twentieth century thanks to V. Vernadsky, who presented it because of the evolution of the biosphere under the influence of the human mind. Today this concept has become quite widespread. However, many of those who consider themselves followers of V. Vernadsky have basically moved away from his views, and present the noosphere as a special, independent envelop of the planet, supplementing it with a new, artificially created envelop – the technosphere. In the concepts of the noosphere and the technosphere, as well as their interaction with each other and with the biosphere, there are many different, including contradictory, approaches that coincide only in the fact that these phenomena arose thanks to the human mind. In our opinion, the reason for such statements is the consideration of these “envelops” as some kind of independent formations relative to our planet. This article proposes the idea that the noosphere and technosphere, which arose due to the emergence of a new living entity in the biosphere – human society, are structurally and functionally directly related to it. Society, as a kind of integral formation, on the one hand, is a part, a constituent element of the biosphere that gave birth to it, and on the other hand, it itself is an extremely complex biological system, the subsystems of which are the noosphere and the technosphere. These subsystems perform functions vital for society as a biological superorganism to survive and develop in the environment by transferring its entropy into it. For this purpose, both the noosphere and the technosphere both separate and connect society with the environment of its existence. At the same time, the noosphere, based on public consciousness, is “responsible” for analyzing the environment and determining the nature of the necessary interaction with it, and the technosphere – for the material and other means of this interaction. Therefore, neither the noosphere nor the technosphere occupy an independent position relative to our planet, they do not form any special “envelops” of it, but enter the biosphere together with society, of which they are constituent parts (subsystems). This conclusion allows not only to represent the noosphere and the technosphere as active factors of historical processes that actually determine social development, but also to understand the essence of these phenomena, their significance both for society as a biological system, and for its entire environment, and more importantly, to determine necessary conditions for the successful fulfillment of their social functions
Práva:	© Západočeská univerzita v Plzni
Vyskytuje se v kolekcích:	Číslo 2 (2022) Číslo 2 (2022)

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